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The list of added are are availabe below and you can access the newest articles by following this link (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/operating-systems/fundamentals/). Mutex Synchronization and critical sections Thread Cancellation Advanced Pipe Concepts Pipes text/html 2006-11-02T02:59:10+01:00 http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org Pentagon Supported Robot Race Through Mock Traffic is Back http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/news/latest-news/pentagon-supported-robot-race-through-mock-traffic-is-back.html The News: Pentagon driven robot race are back in Los Angeles, California, USA. The winners of last year's are expected to take on another challenge this time too to develop a vehicle that can autonomously drive itself through congested city traffic, without any human intervention what so ever. It is to take place in an undisclosed location in November 2007, and supported by the Pentagon's Defense’ Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), to help development of autonomous military vehicles that could be deployed in war zones and emergency situations too risky for humans to enter. The first prize, for the vehicle which finishes in less than six hours, is $2 million. Second and third prizes will be $500,000 and $250,000, respectively. The Background: What is a robot? Simply put, robot is a device that has and displays some functional autonomy in what it did to achieve its assigned goal. For example, a hominid robot designed to walk knows how to detect and overcome obstacles. Not only the human like robots we used to see in movies and TV are robots but even the complicated machines that do not even remotely look like having any form at all, in the car fabrication lines and hi-tech medical surgeries are also robots. Well, so is it any body’s doubt why Pentagon need them? War or peace, Hot pursuit or Cold War, Pentagon always needed to or so it thinks, to innovate its arms, partly to keep US the superior power in the world and to intimidate everyone it (or rather it’s administration?) dislike! Didn’t we accustom to think often that facts emulate fiction? Forgive me, but from gene splicing to mind reading, even teleportation became reality. So, why not the robo-warriors like those we see in Terminator films? Pentagon indeed, dreaming of using fully-autonomous robots in warfare. Or for that matter any government would embrace it. Of course, we must admit that such fully autonomous machines have many applications that are acceptable even to peace doves. Emergency attending in scenes of nuclear accidents, fire, earthquakes, exploration of unchartered territories in uninhabitable planets, space ships etc., are a few to mention. So, What’s Happening there? Stanford University’s unmanned Volkswagen named ‘Stanley’ won last year's desert race. It was among the 11 teams selected on October 2 (Birthday of Peace apostle Mahatma Gandhi of India!) to receive government grant for participaing in the Pentagon contest for robots to carry out a simulated military supply mission. However, this time, Stanford reportedly teamed up with the German automaker again, will compete with a ‘Passat Sedan’. Stanford entry’s paraphernalia include the latest sensors, lasers and other high-tech gear for sensing and correction on journey. The car is already tested on a closed test course and will soon begin real tests after the software program is readied. The competing robotic vehicles will be put to navigate through a complex 60-mile test course simulating a real city street’s traffic with all those moving manned and unmanned vehicles. Vehicles will be tested for sharp turns, navigating the traffic circles and avoiding obstacles such as utility poles, trees parked cars etc. They also have to obey traffic rules and laws while moving in traffic and pull into a assigned parking bay – to repeat – all autonomously using their robotics and artificial intelligence. One thing to watch there is the rivalry of Stanford and Carnegie Mellon Universities of US. CMU won second and third places in 2005 with a converted Humvee and Hummer. Later this month, DARPA will choose an undisclosed number of self-sponsored teams too. Let us wait for the promising action! text/html 2006-11-02T02:54:48+01:00 http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org Google Literacy - New Google Service Launched http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/news/latest-news/google-literacy---new-google-service-launched.html Recently, at the Frankfurt Book Fair, Google launched a website ded¬icated to literacy combining its books, video, mapping and blogging services together to help teachers and educational organisations share reading resources. “Google’s business was born out of a desire to help people find information,” Mr. Nikesh Arora, vice-president of Google’s European operations was quoted as saying. The service is being projected as something that combines a rich set of re¬sources ostensibly to help global lit¬eracy. Critics note that it also, help the educational credentials of the IT giant. Google is perhaps the fastest growing company of this scale, given the fact that it reached this stage in a mere eight years after it’s inception. While Google says it’s “new site will serve as abridge to even grea¬ter communication and ac¬cess to important information about literacy problems and solutions” others think of the legal wrangles it found itself when it launched its “Google Print” to digitally scan all printed text books and make them freely available online. Everyone, especially the publishers and authors are not amused. Well, there are a few publishers who embraced the Google’s initiative but many other publishers and authors believe that it is a direct and brazen violation of copyright laws and sued it. A law suit was immediately filed by the Authors Guild, against the book scanning project. Other groups, like the Association of American University Presses also joined the criticism. The Association of American Publishers has filed a lawsuit against Google, alleging the Internet Search behemoth's plans to digitally scan and distribute the texts of major library collections would violate copyright laws. Prior to filing this lawsuit the group had lengthy discussions with Google's management about the company's plans which were eventually broke down. Whole or part of the library collections of the University of Michigan, Harvard University, Stanford University, the New York Public Library and Oxford University were initially planned. While it allows people to search the texts, it wants to add advertisements related to such searches! Naturally, passions ran fast and people accused Google of “seeking to make millions of dollars by freeloading on the talent and property of authors and publishers.” As per the UNESCO (United Na¬tions Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisafion) estimates more than a billion people around the world over the age of 15 are illiterate and Google’s new project is ostensibly projected as of help to curb illiteracy. We know Google Video is fast catching up on the famous ‘You Tube’ website for freelancing videos. Now, Google is adding many novel projects based on this service to Google Literacy. Actually, Google has requested literacy groups around the world to upload video segments ex¬plaining and demonstrating their successful teaching pro¬grammes - as an inspiration for others and to emulate elsewhere.A same-language subtitle pro¬ject from India that uses Bol¬lywood (Indian Hindi film industry) films to teach reading and a video tutorial made by a group of six-to-nine ¬year old children with the help of S26NYC (A New York based non-profit organisation) are a few to mention from the first few hundred to be posted. The project can be accessed at google.com/literacy and google.de/litera¬cy. Google maintains that students see the web as something they can contribute to not just to browse through and they would be inspired to think big, to write and film more. They reinforce their claims on the new service by using Goo¬gle’s mapping technology to help literacy organisations of world find each other, communicate and share educational resources. One can only wait and the developments about which way Google Print and Google Literacy projects are heading for. text/html 2006-11-02T02:50:40+01:00 http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org HP's Halo is now available in Asia Pacific http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/news/latest-news/hps-halo-is-now-available-in-asia-pacific.html The News: HP’s ‘Halo’, A breakthrough in videoconferencing, is now available in Asia Pacific. Hewlett Packard, the computer and peripheral giant, launched a thousand sighs of relief in business circles of Asia recently, with the launch of its new vedio-conferencing facility ‘Halo’. One can now think of the days of frozen frames, voice loss and other technical snags gone for good. HP along with DreamWorks Animation SKG held a real time demonstration for a group of Journalists, flown from across the world to HP’s Palo Alto facility in USA and HP’s executives from London, New York and Singapore. Video-conferencing Background: A video-conference, also referred to as a video-teleconference, can be regarded as a set of interactive telecommunication technologies to let persons at two or more far off locations interact via a two-way audio-video interface simultaneously, in real time. The simple and old videoconferencing can be done by analog system using two closed-circuit televisions connected by cable. It is NASA, which used two radio frequencies (UHF or VHF), one in each direction, for the first time for video-conferencing from manned space flights. TV news channels routinely use this kind of video-conferencing for live reporting from distant locations. They use the well known mobile satellite uplinking trucks. Video-conferencing was first demonstrated in 1968. The hardware required for a video-conference system include video camera or web-cam and microphones for recording, an analog or digital network - LAN or Internet for transmission and a computer monitor or television display or video projector and audio system for output. The core technology used in it a is digital compression of audio and video streams in real time. A codec (coder/ decoder) with compression rates of up to 1:500 are typically used. The resulting binary stream of data packets would be transmitted through a digital network like ISDN. Some common Videoconferencing Software include: AOL Instant Messenger, Camfrog, iVisit, Microsoft NetMeeting, MSN Messenger, Sight Speed, Skype (VOIP fame), WebEx and the ubiquitous Yahoo Messenger. What HP did? The ‘Halo Collaboration Studio’ of HP introduced in the Asia Pacific region is a sophisticated video conferencing facility. It helps conducting face-to-face business meetings across long distances over vedio-conferencing sans glitches. More over, it offers this facility in real time, so that the participants, say an executive of a global MNC can communicate freely with company headquarters situated on the other siode of the globe, would forget the spatial separation, within a few minutes into the meeting. A part of this new HP technology which was tested and validated in Bangalore testified to these claims, reports agencies. It is reportedly, enhancing the communications experience between different organizations. India’s ‘Silicon Triangle’ comprising the cities of Bangalore, Chennai and Hyderabad has many IT (Information Technology) and ITES (IT Enabled Services) industries, which became famous for software and outsourcing across the world. These companies as well as the rising IT and ITES markets in the other Asia-Pacific countries may immensely benefit from this technology, as real time communications are very important for their businesses. You might have guessed it, that a willing organisation needs to purchase at least two studios to serve at two ends. One had cough up $425,000 for each end not both. However, “a discount is of¬fered on the second and subsequent purchases”, a HP official is quoted as saying. Also, the cost covers all costs involved in operation of facility. HP also maintains that Halo customers can simultaneously connect up to four studios and access interpretation services too. Imagine this: HP is offering interpretation services for some 150 languages including the sign language within two minutes of the request. Firms like AIG financial Products Corporation, Canon, General Electric Commercial Finance, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), Novartis, Pepsico are included in the list of patrons for HP’s ‘Halo Video Collaboration Studio’. So far, 61 Halo Studios are already commissioned or being commissioned on its Halo Video Exchange network. text/html 2006-11-01T13:06:53+01:00 http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org Latest Additions - 01.11.06 (40 new articles) http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/news/latest-news/latest-additions---01.11.06-40-new-articles.html Computer Organization / Fundamentals 64 Bit Computing (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/computer-organization/fundamentals/64-bit-computing.html) Supercomputers (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/computer-organization/fundamentals/supercomputers.html) Computer Organization / Input/Output Devices Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/computer-organization/input/output-devices/redundant-array-of-inexpensive-disks.html) Touchscreens (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/computer-organization/input/output-devices/touchscreens.html) Computer Organization / Human Computer Interface A Short Overview of Digital Audio (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/computer-organization/human-computer-interface/a-short-overview-of-digital-audio.html) Digital Video (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/computer-organization/human-computer-interface/digital-video.html) Computer Security / Fundamentals Access Control (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/computer-security/fundamentals/access-control.html) Antivirus Software (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/computer-security/fundamentals/antivirus-software.html) Firewalls (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/computer-security/fundamentals/firewalls.html) Spam (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/computer-security/fundamentals/spam.html) Secure Sockets Layer (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/computer-security/fundamentals/secure-sockets-layer.html) Computer Networks / Fundamentals Dial-up Internet Access (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/computer-networks/fundamentals/dial-up-internet-access.html) Ethernet (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/computer-networks/fundamentals/ethernet.html) Broadband Internet Access (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/computer-networks/fundamentals/broadband-internet-access.html) File Sharing (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/computer-networks/fundamentals/file-sharing.html) Global System for Mobile Communications (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/computer-networks/fundamentals/global-system-for-mobile-communications.html) Network Tap (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/computer-networks/fundamentals/network-tap.html) Thin Client (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/computer-networks/fundamentals/thin-client.html) Wireless Sensor Network (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/computer-networks/fundamentals/wireless-sensor-network.html) Computer Graphics / Fundamentals Computer Graphics (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/computer-graphics/fundamentals/computer-graphics.html) Computer Graphics / Computer Aided Design Computer-Aided Design (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/computer-graphics/computer-aided-design/computer-aided-design.html) Internet / Fundamentals Internet Radio (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/internet/fundamentals/internet-radio.html) Internet / Internet Security and Privacy Internet Privacy (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/internet/internet-security-and-privacy/internet-privacy.html) Internet / World Wide Web Online Dating (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/internet/world-wide-web/online-dating.html) Internet / Search Engine Optimization and Marketing Online Marketing (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/internet/search-engine-optimization-and-marketing/online-marketing.html) Operating Systems / Fundamentals Real-time Operating System (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/operating-systems/fundamentals/real-time-operating-system.html) Operating Systems / Linux Linux (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/operating-systems/linux/linux.html) Operating Systems / Windows Windows Vista (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/operating-systems/windows/windows-vista.html) Artificial Intelligence / Expert Systems Expert Systems (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/artificial-intelligence/expert-systems/expert-systems.html) Distributed Computing / Fundamentals Computer Clusters (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/distributed-computing/fundamentals/computer-clusters.html) Distributed Computing (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/distributed-computing/fundamentals/distributed-computing.html) Robotics / Humanoids Humanoids (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/robotics/humanoids/humanoids.html) Robotics / Robotic Surgery Robotic Surgery (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/robotics/robotic-surgery/robotic-surgery.html) Algorithms / Fundamentals Backtracking (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/algorithms/fundamentals/backtracking.html) Hashing (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/algorithms/fundamentals/hashing.html) Recursion (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/algorithms/fundamentals/recursion.html) Sorting Algorithms (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/algorithms/fundamentals/sorting-algorithms.html) Splay Trees (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/algorithms/fundamentals/splay-trees.html) Programming Languages / Fundamentals Programming Language Theory (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/programming-languages/fundamentals/programming-language-theory.html) Database Management Systems / Fundamentals The Features of a DBMS (http://computer-engineering.science-tips.org/database-management-systems/fundamentals/the-features-of-a-dbms.html)